awww precious widdle babies.
1:49 PM Posted In Video's Edit ThisThat little white baby is giving itself a good little grooming.
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Synopsis:
The rat information from my sites compiled into a handy paperback. All this is on my sites, but this is a version you can use as an offline reference. (I have always wanted to write a book, and now I have!)---Table of Contents: Why Rats?--Rats in Brief--The History of Pet Rats--Are Rats for You?--Choosing Your Rats--The New Rat--Rat Care--Is It True?--Health--Rat Psychology--The Lone Rat--Note to Children--Odor Control--Breeding--Genetics--Rat Types--Glossary--Other Resources Product Details:
· Paperback: 112 pages
· Binding: Perfect
· Publisher: Vickie Boutwell (February 2004)
· Product Number: 9768932
The Wonderful World of Rats is a free family fun fest dedicated to promoting domestic pet rats as quality companion animals taking place at the Peninsula Humane Society in San Mateo, CA on Sunday, March 30th from 11am-4pm. There will be hourly door prizes, vendors, games, crafts, educational seminars, raffle, photo contest and LOTS of fun!!
RAFFLE:
Rattie Ratz Rescue is holding a raffle at The Wonderful World of Rats and you do not need to be present to win. Raffle tickets are $1 each and all proceeds go to the care of all our rescue rats. Rattie Ratz is seeking much needed financial assistance to pay for medical expenses, spay/neutering, general maintenance and more. Only 5 more days to buy a raffle ticket!!
Info can be found at:
http://www.thewonde
PHOTO CONTEST:
Unfortunately we can't all bring our pet rats to the fest, but we are all proud of our pets!
Attendees at the event will have the chance to vote for their favorite rat photo. Near the end of the event, a first, second, and third place winner will be established based on votes placed throughout the day. There is no limit on the number of entries an individual can submit and the winners need NOT be present to win!!
*** A ribbon will be awarded to each winner and Rattie Ratz will donate a prize customized with their winning image ***
How to enter:
Photos can be brought to the event (please bring a standard size 4x6 photo) Don't bring your only copy of the photo. Photos may not be returned and we cannot be held responsible for keeping pictures in mint condition.
You can submit your photo online at any time before Friday, March 28th to rattieratz@gmail.
You can send in your entry using the regular mail. (It must arrive by Friday, March 28th)
Please send your entry to:
WWOR Photo Contest
c/o Diane Nesom
5411 Drysdale Drive
San Jose, CA 95124
No matter which way you choose to enter, be sure to include your name, your rat's name, and your email address or phone number with your photo.
Please help us get the word out by cross posting this message to as many applicable groups as you can!
Thank you for your support. Hope to see you there!
The Friends of Rattie Ratz
Rats are clever little creatures.
Sure, they can run mazes for scientific experiments and learn to procure food by pressing levers and deciphering complex clues.But rats may be even smarter and more like humans than was previously suspected, a new study says.
Traditional animal psychology says that animals "reason" by association.
For example, in 1903 Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov famously trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a metronome. He did so by starting the noise just before feeding time, day after day. Soon, the dogs were associating the sound with the upcoming treat and would salivate even if no food were offered.
Psychologists call this learning by association.
But that doesn't explain everything, says Aaron Blaisdell, a behavioral neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles.
There is also "causal reasoning"—as in, cause and effect—and it's a very different thing from associative learning.
In their study, to be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal Science, Blaisdell and his colleagues determined that rats can understand complex cause-and-effect relationships.
Cause and Coincidence
The researchers designed a multistep experiment involving lights, noises, levers, and food.
In the first step the rats were periodically exposed to ten-second flashes of light. Sometimes the light was followed by a tone. Sometimes it was followed by the release of a sweet liquid.
This taught the animals that the light could cause either of two effects: one useful (food) and one not (noise). Once the rats were accustomed to this, Blaisdell divided the rodents into two groups.
Levers were added to the cages of both groups. Group A, as we'll call them, got levers that produced the tone—but no flash—when pushed. Group B got levers that didn't do anything at all.
The Group A rats, with working levers, quickly discovered that pushing them produced the tone but no light.
Group A quickly realized that the tone was separate from the flash of light—that the light was not the cause of the tone or the cause of the sweet liquid being released.
Group B, with nonworking levers, also heard the tone when their Group A pushed their levers. But Group B got excited and hurried to check for sweets.
That's because Group B had know way to know that Group A's levers were the cause of the tone. Group B, it seems, figured they must have missed the flash and therefore might be about to miss out on food.
The experiment is "a bit convoluted," said Howard Eichenbaum, a psychology professor at Boston University in Massachusetts.
"But the gist is that rats can distinguish cause from coincidence," he said.
Blaisdell, the study leader, gives the rats even more credit.
He says that the animals were distinguishing the effects of their own actions from those of outside events.
In other words, the rats realized that they had caused the tone and that it therefore had nothing to do with the light and the possibility of food.
However you interpret it, the animals were demonstrating a fairly sophisticated form of reasoning.
Blurry Lines
The experiment blurs another long-presumed distinction between humans and other animals.
"Our ability to reason causally might not be unique," Blaisdell said. "You can't just draw a line around the human species and say, They reason, and other animals don't."
Still, Boston University's Eichenbaum says, that doesn't mean rats are as smart as humans.
What it does mean, he says, is that rats demonstrate some of the elements of higher-order human thought processes.
The remarkable video and photos shot by David Redfield, a professor emeritus of FSU's science education faculty, and Thai wildlife biologist Uthai Treesucon are being hailed as historic images documenting a true "living fossil," the Laotian rock rat.
The Laotian rock rat is so called for its only known habitat -- limestone outcroppings in Central Laos -- and the appearance of the animal's head and face, which sport long whiskers and beady eyes like those of a rat. (To view photographs and video of the Laotian rock rat, visit www.rinr.fsu.edu/rockrat.)
Redfield's video shows a docile, squirrel-sized animal covered with dark, dense fur and bearing a long tail that's not as bushy as that of a typical squirrel. Perhaps the most striking observation is how the animal walks -- like a duck. Clearly not adapted to climbing trees, the rock rat exhibits a duck-like waddle with its hind feet splayed out at an angle to its body. An avid but otherwise amateur wildlife observer, Redfield has traveled the world since retiring in 1988 from a career in teaching and research at FSU. A passion for bird watching in the 1990s segued into an interest in seeing some of the world's rare mammals in their native habitats. When he learned about the discovery of the Laotian rock rat last year -- and that no one had seen a live specimen -- Redfield set out on a personal quest to accomplish the feat.
"We were extremely fortunate in so many ways to be able to do this," Redfield said of the discovery. "It's easily one of the most gratifying experiences of my life, and I hope these pictures will help in some way to prevent the loss of this marvelous animal."
Known as kha-nyou (pronounced "ga-noo") in Lao villages near its habitat, the animal was first described scientifically in the April 2005 issue of the journal Systematics and Biodiversity. Identified as a member of an entirely new family of mammals, the rock rat made news around the world. It gained international attention again on March 10 of this year when scientists published a paper in Science magazine re-identifying the animal as a "living fossil" whose last remaining relatives went extinct 11 million years ago.
Mary Dawson, curator emeritus of vertebrate paleontology at the Carnegie Museum and primary author of the paper published in March in Science, recently reviewed Redfield's images and confirmed their authenticity. "This is a truly exciting discovery," Dawson said. "Dr. Redfield's sighting of the living animal is the first to be recorded scientifically. These are the first photographic images of the recently discovered 'living fossil' Laonastes aenigmamus."
Dawson led the team of scientists who used fossilized remains collected from sites in Pakistan, India, Thailand, China and Japan to prove that, instead of being completely new to science, the rare animal actually was the last known relative of a long-extinct family of rodents known as Diatomyidae. Dawson's paper described the rock rat as an example of the "Lazarus effect," a reference to the Biblical character Lazarus who returned from the dead. Biologists use the term to refer to those rare instances when animals long thought to be extinct turn up alive and well in some remote habitat.
"Dr. Redfield's discovery and these images are extremely important scientifically, showing as they do an animal (with) such markedly distinctive anatomical and functional attributes," Dawson said. "These are amazing pictures."
Redfield used some of his contacts in Southeast Asia -- made from numerous bird-watching field trips to the region over the years -- to help coordinate his trip to Laos this past May. Using native guides and interpreters, he succeeded in gaining the confidence of local hunters near a Central Laotian village close to the Thai border. After four failed attempts, the hunters finally captured a live rock rat. Redfield and his hosts returned the animal safely to its rocky home after photographing and videotaping it.
Redfield credits Treesucon, a renowned biologist and birder, with coordinating the logistics of the expedition that culminated in the successful capture of the animal on May 17 near the Laotian village of Doy.“Rats are very smart and are known for their problem-solving skills,” says Kalivoda, an admitted rat fan.
“Many people believe they are nasty, filthy creatures, and that’s not true at all. In fact, rats wash themselves several times a day, about as often as most cats.”
The name itself poses a rat problem.
Rats are rodents, and rodent comes from the Latin word meaning “to gnaw.” Rats do like to chew and they are constantly searching for food. They tend to live where humans live for two reasons – food and shelter.
They have been parodied by Hollywood – who can forget James Cagney’s immortal line, “You dirty rat!” – while last year’s hit film Ratatouille showed the humorous side of the creatures, and Disney’s Mickey Mouse has been appealing for decades, as have Tom and Jerry.
Comedian David Letterman often jokes about New York City’s countless rats, bragging that “our rats can whip your honor students.”
Some rat facts include:
“Rats are very smart and they can figure out things quickly,” Kalivoda adds. “If you put them in a maze, they can find their way out in no time at all. They are social creatures and can be very affectionate. They are also easily trained and many can do tricks.”
The difference between a rat and a mouse, Kalivoda explains, is size. Rats are much larger than mice, often three to four times as large, and mice don’t live as long as rats.
Despite their frisky mannerisms, many rats have internal health issues, mainly cancerous tumors. Kalivoda says rats often develop mammary tumors or other cancers, and rats also frequently suffer from respiratory illnesses.
But their benefits in medicine have been phenomenal. In research laboratories around the world, rats have contributed to more cures than any other animal, and in that regard, have no doubt saved millions of lives.
“In my opinion, rats do a get a bad rap,” Kalivoda believes.
“I can tell you firsthand that rats can make great, fun pets. A lot of people have rats as pets, and they will tell you they’re the best pets they’ve ever had.
Branch: Brook Park - Large Meeting Room
Type of Event: Special
Date: Saturday, April 26, 2008 2:00 PM
As we enter the Chinese Year of the Rat, join us as John Minniti shares his interest in rats, tells us why they make good pets, and shows us how to take care of them on Saturday, April 26 from 2:00 to 2:45 p.m.This is a family program, open to all ages. Registration is required. If there are spaces available, you may register online, by phone, or in person beginning March 5, 2008 (registration link will not appear until 3/5/08 at 9:00 AM).
Here is the link if to the page if you'd like to register and attend: http://www.cuyahogalibrary.org/EventDetail.aspx?EventInstanceID=21672
Kangaroo rats
Genus Dipodomys, are small rodents native to North America. The name derives from their bipedal form: they hop like tiny kangaroos.
Twenty-two species are currently recognized. Their size varies from 100 to 200 mm, with a tail of equal or slightly greater length; weight can be anywhere between 35 and 180 grams. The most distinctive feature of the kangaroo rats is their very long hind legs.
Like the jerboas of African and Asian deserts and the hopping mice of outback Australia, kangaroo rats have highly developed hind legs, live in deep burrows that shelter them from the worst of the desert heat, and rarely drink water. Instead, they have a highly water-efficient metabolism (their kidneys are at least four times more efficient at retaining water and excreting salt than those of humans) and manufacture water through a metabolic process called oxidative phosphorylation. Despite sharing so many characteristics with jerboas and hopping mice, the three groups are not closely related to one another: the similarities are the result of convergent evolution.
Kangaroo rats are found in arid and semi-arid areas of Canada, the United StatesMexico that retain some grass or other vegetation. Their diet includes seeds, leaves, stems, buds, some fruit, and insects. Most kangaroo rat species use their burrows and buried caches nearby to store food against the possibility of bad seasons. The Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat has been recorded making burrows with several storage chambers up to 25 cm in diameter each, and containing almost six kilograms of stored food. and
Unlike the jerboas and hopping mice, but like their close relatives the pocket mice, kangaroo rats have large cheek pouches that open on either side of the mouth and extend back to the shoulders. They fill the pouches with food or nesting material ready for transport back to the burrow, then empty them by turning them inside out, like pockets, with their forepaws. There is a special muscle that, once the pouch is empty and clean, pulls it back in again.
The overall color of the kangaroo rats can be anywhere between pale, sandy yellow, and dark brown, with a white underside and often with white banding across the thighs. Tails tend to be dark with white sides and a tuft of longer hairs. Facial markings vary from one species to another, but all have an oil gland between the shoulders.
One special feature of the kangaroo rat is the animal's efficient kidneys. The kangaroo rat has a longer loop of Henle in the nephrons which permit a greater magnitude of countercurrent multiplication and thus a larger medullary vertical osmotic gradient. As a result, these rodents can produce urine that is concentrated up to an osmolarity of almost 6,000 mosm/liter, which is five times more concentrated than maximally concentrated human urine at 1,200 mosm/liter. Because of this tremendous concentration ability, kangaroo rats never have to drink; the H2O produced metabolically within their cells during oxidation of foodstuff (food plus O2 yields CO2 + H2O + energy) is sufficient for their body. Kangaroo rats lose so little water that they can recover 90% of the loss by using metabolic water gaining the remaining 10% from the small amount of water in their diet. Kangaroo rats lose water mainly by evaporation during gas exchange and gain water mainly from cellular metabolism.
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Subclass: | Eutheria |
Order: | Rodentia |
Family: | Heteromyidae |
Genus: | Dipodomys |
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